경인행정학회

키워드

초록

본 연구는 ESG(Environmental, Social, Governance)가 공공부문 정책과 행정 운영의 핵심 기준으로 확산되고 있는 상황에서, 한국과 스페인의 공공부문 ESG 정책을 비교·분석하고 한국 ESG 정책의 제도적 개선 방향을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석은 Ostrom의 제도분석틀(IAD Framework)을 적용하여 제도·규범적 구조, 정책과정, 거버넌스, 성과 및 평가의 네 가지 분석축을 중심으로 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 스페인은 EU 규범을 국가 법제와 정책체계에 내재화하고 지방정부의 성과보고 및 시민참여를 제도화함으로써 ESG 정책의 집행력과 책임성을 확보하고 있는 반면, 한국은 가이드라인과 평가 중심의 권고적 구조로 인해 지방정부의 자율성과 성과관리 체계가 제한적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 이러한 비교 결과를 바탕으로 한국 공공부문 ESG 정책이 관리·평가 도구를 넘어 공공정책 전반을 통합하는 정책 프레임으로 전환되어야 함을 제시하며, 지방정부의 정책 공동설계 역할 강화와 경로 기반 성과관리 체계 구축의 필요성을 강조한다.

This study aims to compare public sector ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) policies in South Korea and Spain and to derive institutional implications for strengthening ESG governance in the Korean public sector. As ESG has evolved from a corporate social responsibility framework into a regulatory and institutional policy paradigm, public sector engagement and accountability have become increasingly important. Drawing on Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework, this study analyzes ESG policies across four analytical dimensions: institutional structure, policy process, governance, and performance and evaluation. The findings show that Spain has effectively embedded EU ESG norms into national legislation and policy frameworks, institutionalizing local government performance reporting and citizen participation, thereby enhancing policy enforcement and accountability. In contrast, Korea’s ESG policy remains largely guideline- and evaluation-driven, with limited legal enforceability, constrained local government autonomy, and underdeveloped performance management mechanisms. Based on this comparison, the study argues that Korea’s public sector ESG policy should shift from a managerial assessment tool toward an integrated public policy framework, emphasizing the role of local governments as policy co-designers and adopting pathway-based performance management to support long-term policy transformation.

목차

Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 이론적배경
Ⅲ. 한국과 스페인의 공공부문 ESG정책 비교
Ⅳ. 스페인 사례 비교를 통한 정책적 시사점
Ⅴ. 결론

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